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- Act 1 Scene 3
-
- After the chill of the battlements, and the cold
- formality of the royal court, we are shown an
- intimate family scene in which a brother parts from
- his sister. Laertes warns Ophelia not to put too
- much trust in Prince Hamlet, and his warnings are
- echoed by their father, Polonius, who comes to say
- goodbye to his son ù and to give Laertes some
- words of worldly wisdom.
- 1 necessaries: luggage.
- 2 as . . . benefit: when the winds are
- favourable. Shakespeare thinks that
- communication with France must be by sea.
- 3 convoy is assistant: i.e. there is a ship
- available.
- 5 trifling: Both Laertes and Polonius
- assume that Hamlet is only trifling with OpheliaÆs
- affections.
- 6 Hold it a fashion: think it just a passing
- fancy.
- toy in blood: youthful sport.
- 7 primy nature: springtime of youth. Later
- in the play (5, 1, 140û58) Hamlet is said to be
- much older.
- 8, 9 HamletÆs affection is compared to a violet,
- which flowers in early spring and smells very
- sweet, but does not live long.
- 8 Forward: early-flowering.
- suppliance: pastime.
- 10 No more but so: nothing else. Ophelia
- questions her brotherÆs judgement of HamletÆs
- love.
- 11 crescent: as it grows.
- 12 thews and bulk: muscles and size.
- temple: i.e. the body, which in Christian teaching is
- called the temple of the Holy Ghost (see 1
- Corinthians, 3:16).
- 14 Grows wide withal: increases too. Laertes
- suggests that Hamlet will have more to think about
- than his love for Ophelia.
- 15 soil: stain.
- cautel: deceit.
- 16 the virtue of his will: the honourableness
- of his intentions. ôWillö is capable of a wide range
- of meanings, and in this line the sexual overtones
- are strong.
- 17 greatness: high position.
- weighÆd: taken into consideration.
- 18 birth: rank (just as the citizens are subject
- to their king).
- 19 unvalued persons: ordinary people (who
- have no obligations in such matters to society or
- the state).
- 20 Carve for himself: choose for himself (the
- expression is proverbial).
- 21 sanity: well-being.
- 23 voice: approval.
- yielding: consent.
- that body: i.e. the body politic, the state. Laertes
- assumes here that Hamlet must eventually inherit
- his fatherÆs throne.
- 26 in . . . force: in his position.
- 27 give . . . deed: do what he says.
- 28 main voice: general approval.
- goes withal: agrees to.
- 29 weigh: consider.
- honour: reputation.
- 30 credent: credulous.
- list his songs: listen to his charms.
- 31 chaste treasure: virginity.
- 32 unmastered importunity: uncontrolled
- demands.
- 34 keep . . . affection: hold back in your
- desires. LaertesÆ metaphor is military, insisting that
- Ophelia should keep herself from being hurt.
- 36 ôIt is quite enough for a modest (ôcharyö)
- girl to reveal her beauty to the moonlight.ö
- 38 scapes: escapes. Laertes is uttering
- Elizabethan commonplaces.
- 39 canker: canker-worm.
- galls: injures.
- infants of the spring: young spring flowers.
- 40 buttons be disclosed: buds have opened.
- 41 liquid: bright .
- 42 Contagious blastments: infections. The
- dawn ù of day and of youth ù is a time of
- brightest promise and greatest danger.
- 43 fear: i.e. of danger.
- 44 to itself: by itself.
- none: i.e. no other temptation.
- 45 effect: substance.
- 47 ungracious pastors: ungodly shepherds
- (contrasted with the good shepherd ù the type of
- Christ ù who leads his flock in the way that he
- himself has trodden).
- 49 puffed: proud.
- 50 primrose path: easy way.
- dalliance: wanton amusement.
- 51 recks . . . rede: his own advice.
- 54 Occasion smiles: it is a happy
- opportunity.
- leave: leave-taking.
- 56 sits . . . sail: i.e. is favourable.
- 57 you are stayed for: they are waiting for
- you.
- There: Polonius lays his hand on the head of the
- kneeling Laertes.
- 58 precepts: The matters on which Polonius
- advises Laertes were common topics for a fatherÆs
- parting words to his son.
- 59 character: engrave.
- 60 unproportioned: reckless.
- his act: its deed.
- 61 ôBe friendly enough, but donÆt make
- yourself cheap.ö
- 62 their adoption tried: when you have tested
- their friendship.
- 63 hoops: bonds.
- 64 ôDonÆt shake hands (in friendship) with
- every fresh young man.ö
- 66 entrance to: beginning.
- 67 BearÆt: conduct yourself in such a way.
- 69 censure: opinion.
- 70 habit: dress.
- 71 expressed in fancy: with fancy trimmings.
- 73 ôFrench noblemen are particularly
- renowned for having the height of good taste in
- clothes.ö
- 77 husbandry: thrift.
- 81 season: ripen. His fatherÆs blessing will
- enrich these ôfew preceptsö.
- 83 invites: urges.
- tend: attend.
- 86 keep the key: i.e. no one else can open the
- lock.
- 89 touching: relating to.
- 90 Marry: by the Virgin Mary (a mild oath).
- bethought: remembered.
- 93 ôHave willingly paid a lot of attention to
- him.ö
- 94 Ætis put on me: I am given to understand.
- 95 in way of caution: as a warning.
- 97 it behoves: it is fitting for.
- 98 Give me up: tell me.
- 99 tenders: declarations, offers. Polonius
- picks up the wordÆs commercial usages.
- 101 green: inexperienced.
- 102 Unsifted: untried.
- 107 sterling: real money.
- Tender. . . dearly: take more care of yourself.
- 108 ôNot to overwork the metaphor (as
- excessive work breaks a horseÆs wind).ö
- 109 youÆll . . . fool: give me a fool for a
- daughter.
- 110 fashion: manner. Polonius again twists the
- sense of the word.
- 112 Go to: An exclamation of impatience.
- 113 countenance to: confirmation of.
- 115 springes to catch woodcocks: A
- proverbial expression; woodcocks were thought to
- be foolish birds, easily caught in snares
- (ôspringesö).
- 116 blood: sexual passion.
- prodigal: with careless generosity.
- 117 blazes: flaring passions.
- 118 extinct in both: both light and heat are
- extinguished.
- 119 it: the promise.
- 121 somewhat scanter of: rather less generous
- with.
- 122 ôDonÆt enter into negotiations with him
- just because he asks you to.ö The presentation of
- courtship in terms of military strategy is traditional.
- 125 larger tether: longer rope ù i.e. less
- restriction.
- 126 few: short.
- 127 brokers: traders, go-betweens.
- 128 Not of that dye: of a different colour.
- investments: clothing. This word leads to the pun
- on ôsuitsö in the next line.
- 129 implorators: solicitors.
- unholy suits: i.e. not the ôholy vowsö which
- Ophelia described in line 114.
- 130 Breathing: persuading.
- sanctified and pious: i.e. apparently genuine and
- sincere.
- 131 beguile: deceive.
- for all: all I have to say.
- 133 slander . . . leisure: misuse any of your
- free time.
- 135 Come your ways: come along now.
-